PatriotsIndia is proud to announce that, the much awaited "Gramin Vayana Sala's" Foundation stone laying will be held on 10-Dec-2006. The Event will be felicitated by Cheif Guest Shri. C.K.Chandrappan, MP.
We at PatriotsIndia, thank all the supporters and Members for successfull implementation of the cause.
Friday, December 8, 2006
Wednesday, November 15, 2006
Kodungallur : The Ancient Gateway of India
The very name of 'Kodungallur' brings some general questions successfully to our mind, like: 'Where is this town? ', 'How to reach there?', 'What are its specialties?', 'Are some famous temples there?', 'Is it a district head quarters?' and so on. In the past, it had been far-famed on many counts, especially in social revolution. It can justifiably be said that no other town was as glorious as Kodungallur, right from the age of Puranas. It was where, Lord Parasurama, an incarnation of Mahavishnu, took his birth. Also it was the birth place of many legendary sages and exponents of Sastras. Thus, it became the befitting hallowed realm for the avatar of a 'Yathi' (a great savant). Further, it was here many religions first took roots and tremendous export/import activities took place and hence it shown as the Gateway to India for the whole world. The purpose of this write up is to highlight certain gorgeous features for the popularity of Kodungallur.
This city is situated at about 25 kilometers from Trichur, near renowned Guruvayur Temple, in the state of Kerala, with the Arabian sea on one side and Periyar river on the other.
Reason for its name
Its ancient name was 'Kudakallur': that is kuda + kal + lur. 'Kuda' means 'the place where the sun sets', 'kal' means 'sea' and 'lur' means 'town'. Thus, its full name signifies, 'The sea town where the sun sets'. In due course of time, it came to be known as 'Kodungallur'.
Epics and Literatures
- The first literary work namely, 'Mukundamalai' was written here.
- The ancient Rishi Valmiki, in his celebrated epic, 'The Ramayana', refers to the city as 'Muparee-siddham' in Kishkintha canto.
- The renowned Sanskrit poet Kalidasa also thus refers it in his epic 'Raghuvamsa'.
- The uncle of Ravana, Maresan did remarkable penance in Kodungallur.
- War weapons and armies were sent only from the great town to Kurushetra, as recorded in the epic 'The Mahabharata'.
- Elango Adigal, the celebrated author of the Tamil epic 'Silapathikaram' was born in this great town.
- 'Manimekalai', an offshoot of the above epic vividly describes the magnificence of the town.
- 'Purananuru' - a prodigious work of the Tamil 'Sangam literature, portrays its opulence and affluence and hails its gorgeous business transactions.
- Many more great works and literatures proclaim the multi-faceted adoration of Kodungallur.
Trade
The harbor of Kodungallur is very ancient. Even a hundred years before the birth of Lord Jesus, the city had established trade links with Asia minor and Syria , which were under the Roman Empire and also Egypt . Even in those good old days, on an average, at least one shipload of cargo left daily from Egypt for Kodungallur. It is said that the major chunk of our country's export business took place through the harbor, because of which very many ships always berthed in this harbor. There were also copious numbers of go-downs, spacious through fares, which facilitated healthy and brisk trade. Historical accounts of renowned foreign scholars and our own 'Purananuru' bear testimony to these facts.
Many records further declare that merchandise like pepper, cardamom, spices, sandal, ivory, muslin, silk, pearl and the like were exported. Liquors, porcelain, glassware, chandeliers, tin, lead and such commodities were imported. Because of such massive and brisk trade activities, a sizable portion of the Roman wealth was brought over to India through Kodungallur. They further promulgate that by exporting pepper, otherwise known as 'Black Gold', pure gold was imported into India .
Science
In 860AD, the court of the Chera King Sthanuravi was decorated by a distinguished astronomer by name Sankaranarayana, who has recorded in his book on astronomy entitled, 'Laku Bhaskaraya', known by its other title 'Sankara Narayanam', that in Kodungallur - then its name was 'Kothra Malleswaram' - under his direct supervision there exists a fully equipped observatory cum research center. Also in every 'Kadigai' duration of 34 minutes, bells were sounded at different important centers of the town to announce correct time and it was done with his knowledge.
The origin of many main religions
- In AD 52, the very first Christian church in India was constructed by Saint Thomas at a place called Maliyenkara in Kodungallur. It was followed by the construction of 'seven and a half churches' along the Malabar coastal line. Soon some Christian colonies sprang up. Dalrymple, while recounting some legends in a BBC film, records thus: "Two millennia later St. Thomas traveled the trade route and landed in Kodungallur on the Kerala coast in AD 52. He did, in the legends of the Syrian Christians whom writer Arundhati Roy dissected in 'The God of small things'. The legends talk of St. Thomas building, 'seven and half churches' in Kerala and converting many Namboodiri Brahmins to the new faith.
- The Romans who settled down in Kodungallur built a church there in honor of one Augustus.
- Jews settled down there with their families in A.D. 69. The historically well-known Jew and Syrian copperplates were published only from there.
- Mohammedans established their very first mosque in India only on the soil of Kodungallur. This mosque has a unique specialty. Mosques built all over the world face the direction of Mecca , but this particular one faces along the east.
- Arabs too established their colonies in a part of Kondungallur, in the 8th century. One can vouchsafe that it was time when Islam began to spread in India .
- Mathilagam in Kodungalur was the strong hold of the Jains. The Jain and Buddhist scholars and monks, who lived in this town, not only transformed it into a great educational and cultural center but also began to preach their religious tenets and popularize their way of life.
- From a reading of Tamil Epic 'Manimekalai' it is learnt that Kodungallur shone as a great Buddhist centre.
The Chera Dynasty
Coronations of the Chera Kings were performed by Balarama, another personification of Lord Mahavishnu. Their reigns were impeccable and immaculate and divinity permeated through their kingdoms and had plenteous traditional riches for many centuries (that is, till the 10th century). Kodungallur was their distinguished state-capital. Emperor Ashoka has recorded that the Chera kings, known as 'The Sons of Kerala', had made Muziris (the other name of Kodungallur) their capital of their state. 'Pathitruppattu', a reputed Tamil work of the Sangam age, proclaims the popularity of the faultless rules of the Chera kings.
The Temple of Sri Bhagavathi Amman
The most ancient and powerful temple, Sri Bhagavathi Amman Temple of world fame is in Kodungallur. Undoubtedly, it is the first and the foremost temple that from time immemorial, forbade restrictions of caste and religion and people from all occupations were admitted into it to perform poojas. Lord Parasurama established the Mahameru and Adi Shankara, the Sri Chakra in the secret chamber on the eastern side of the sanctum sanctorum of Sri Goddess Bhaghavathi. Until date, this secret chamber has not been opened by anybody. In addition to these, Adi Shankara has consecrated separate shrines for Loard Ganapathy, Loard Veerabhadra and the Seven Divine Mothers here.
A separate shrine is there for the heroine of 'Silappathrkaram', the chaste Kannagi, an avatar of Goddess Durga and her fame matches that of Goddess Bhaghavathi.
There is no Nandhi in front of the icon of Lord Shiva, which faces the east. This is a unique and special feature of this temple and such an establishment is not seen in any Hindu temple in any part of the world.
There are two very important festivals in the temple. One is celebrated in February-March (in the Kerala month of Kumbha) known as 'Bharani Festival' and the other in December-January, which corresponds to the Kerala month of Makara, known as 'Talappoli Festival'.
Once a Portuguese army-chief received Goddess Baghavathi's benign blessings when he was in great peril and as an expression of his gratitude he denoted a gong to the temple.
Different Names of the town
Muziris, Vangi, Musirippattinam, Musirippththanam, Mahodayapuram, Kotilingapuram, Kudalingapuram, Makodai, Kodunkaliyur, Thiruvallur, RaviVisvapuram and Balakreetapuram are the different names of Kodungallur at various points of time. In the Tamil and Greek literatures, it is called Muziris.
In these multi-various ways, Kodungallur, famous for its elaborate trade activities, advancement in the field of astronomy, development of many religions, has the distinction of being referred to in epics, literatures as the first and fore-most town of repute in India .
It is a matter of great pride that in this town of glorious popularity the first ancient Akavoor Manai of our protector, Brahmanandhasri Sivaprabhakara Siddhayogi Paramahamsar existed. It is said that the Parasurama avatar of Lord Mahavishnu took place in Kodungallur. At a later age, this mansion in Akavoor was established with 16 angles (sides) by Akavoor Chathan, otherwise called Unikkonar, the brother of the illustrious Thiruvalluvar, the author of the world-renowned 'Thirukkulal', in Kaladi. Moreover, he established the popular temple dedicated to Lord Siva in Thiruvairanikkulam which consequently led to the creation of Kaladi, from where sprang the Vedic Hindu religion.
Courtesy: Sri Pambatti Siddhar Samadhi Peedam - www.sripambattisiddhar.com
Kodungallur Bhagavati Temple
The Bhagawati temple at Kodungallur is of great renown throughout the state of Kerala. Kodungallur situated on the west coast, was once a great port of the Chera rulers of Tamilnadu, It was known by the Greek as as the musris.
Tiruvanchikkulam, now a suburb of Kodungallur was a center of great historic significance during the chera period. Cheran Senguttuvan is said to have built the temple to Kannagi - a manifestation of Kaali or Kotravai or Durga, here (Silappadikaaram).
It is believed to have been a Shiva temple originally, as worship is offered first to Shiva before being offered to Bhagawati, and there is a mandapam in front of the shiva shrine, and there is none infront of Bhagawatis. The image of Bhagawati is believed to have been carved out of a jack fruit three. The face of the image is covered with a mask, and the image is decorated with several pieces of jeweelry.
Legends: This image is believed to be a personification of Kali, who had killed the demon Daaruka. Daaruka is said to have worshipped Bhrama, and harassed the devas. The goddesses created Bhramani, Vaishnavi, Maheswari, Kaumari, Varahi and Indrani from Bhrama, vishnu, Mahadeva, Kumara, Yama and Indra, and they were defeated by Daaruka, however Shiva created Kaali and she killed Daaruka.
The Temple: The image of Kali faces east. There is a crimson cloth hung on the western wall of the sanctum and worship is offered here. There is also a secret chamber east of the Kali image, with an underground passage. Also is a shrine to Kshetrapala, the guardian deity and Vasurimala associated with small pox.
Festivals: The festivals of significance at Kodungallur are Makara Sankaranti and the Bharani Festival.
Makara Sankaranti coinciding with Pongal in Tamilnadu is one of the important festivals at Kodungallur. As in Taminadu, the day prior to Pongal is celebrated with the burning of unwanted belongings in a bonfire.
Makara Sankranti brings with it 4 days of colorful fanfare, with processions twice a day on elephants to the accompaniment of music, fireworks. The final day's procession is marked by the accompaniment of several women carrying plates of rice and coconut. In fact, the centermost entity in the procession, is a plate containing these offerings, on an elephant. A grand reception os offered to this procession when it reaches the temple. The procession rleaves from the original location of the Bhagawati temple, (the Kurumbayamma shrine in Kodungallur).
The Bharani festival at the Kodungallur Bhagawati temple is one of the grandest in Kerala. It is a month of festivities from the Bharani asterism in the month of Aquarius to 7 days after the Bharani asterism in the month of Pisces. Traditionally the temple (especially during the Bharani festival) has been associated with a lot of animal sacrifices. These customs have been done away with in the 20th century. The blood of the sacrificed used to be spilled over two stones in the prakaram, and as mentioned above, this practice is now stopped.
The Bharani festival also witnesses the offering of worship to the deity in the innermost sanctum by those belonging to castes other than the priestly class. One day before the final Bharani, the chandanapodi Chartal or the smearing of the image with sandal paste is carried out. There are further festivities on this day and the following day.
Thousands from all over Kerala congregate to celebrate this festival amidst great paegentry.
By: Rajesh Menon
Tiruvanchikkulam, now a suburb of Kodungallur was a center of great historic significance during the chera period. Cheran Senguttuvan is said to have built the temple to Kannagi - a manifestation of Kaali or Kotravai or Durga, here (Silappadikaaram).
It is believed to have been a Shiva temple originally, as worship is offered first to Shiva before being offered to Bhagawati, and there is a mandapam in front of the shiva shrine, and there is none infront of Bhagawatis. The image of Bhagawati is believed to have been carved out of a jack fruit three. The face of the image is covered with a mask, and the image is decorated with several pieces of jeweelry.
Legends: This image is believed to be a personification of Kali, who had killed the demon Daaruka. Daaruka is said to have worshipped Bhrama, and harassed the devas. The goddesses created Bhramani, Vaishnavi, Maheswari, Kaumari, Varahi and Indrani from Bhrama, vishnu, Mahadeva, Kumara, Yama and Indra, and they were defeated by Daaruka, however Shiva created Kaali and she killed Daaruka.
The Temple: The image of Kali faces east. There is a crimson cloth hung on the western wall of the sanctum and worship is offered here. There is also a secret chamber east of the Kali image, with an underground passage. Also is a shrine to Kshetrapala, the guardian deity and Vasurimala associated with small pox.
Festivals: The festivals of significance at Kodungallur are Makara Sankaranti and the Bharani Festival.
Makara Sankaranti coinciding with Pongal in Tamilnadu is one of the important festivals at Kodungallur. As in Taminadu, the day prior to Pongal is celebrated with the burning of unwanted belongings in a bonfire.
Makara Sankranti brings with it 4 days of colorful fanfare, with processions twice a day on elephants to the accompaniment of music, fireworks. The final day's procession is marked by the accompaniment of several women carrying plates of rice and coconut. In fact, the centermost entity in the procession, is a plate containing these offerings, on an elephant. A grand reception os offered to this procession when it reaches the temple. The procession rleaves from the original location of the Bhagawati temple, (the Kurumbayamma shrine in Kodungallur).
The Bharani festival at the Kodungallur Bhagawati temple is one of the grandest in Kerala. It is a month of festivities from the Bharani asterism in the month of Aquarius to 7 days after the Bharani asterism in the month of Pisces. Traditionally the temple (especially during the Bharani festival) has been associated with a lot of animal sacrifices. These customs have been done away with in the 20th century. The blood of the sacrificed used to be spilled over two stones in the prakaram, and as mentioned above, this practice is now stopped.
The Bharani festival also witnesses the offering of worship to the deity in the innermost sanctum by those belonging to castes other than the priestly class. One day before the final Bharani, the chandanapodi Chartal or the smearing of the image with sandal paste is carried out. There are further festivities on this day and the following day.
Thousands from all over Kerala congregate to celebrate this festival amidst great paegentry.
By: Rajesh Menon
Monday, November 13, 2006
Website Address of Universites
Aligarh Muslim University (AMU)
http://www.amu.ac.in/
All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)
http://www.aiims.ac.in/
Allahabad University (AU) http://www.allduniv.edu/
Anna University, Chennai http://www.annauniv.edu/
Assam Administrative Staff College (AASC)
http://www.assamstaffcol.net/
Association of State Training Institutions in India (ASTI) http://asti.nic.in/
Banaras Hindu University (BHU) http://www.bhu.ac.in/
Banglore University http://www.bangaloreuniversity.net/
Bengal Engineering College (BEC) http://www.becs.ac.in/
Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany http://www.bsip-india.org/
Board of Intermediate Education, Andhra Pradesh http://interboardap.nic.in/
Bose Institute, Kolkata http://www.boseinst.ernet.in/
Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) http://www.cbseindia.org/
Central Hindi Directorate http://hindinideshalaya.nic.in/
Central Institute of Educational Technology (CIET) http://www.ciet.nic.in/
Central Institute of English and Foreign Languages (CIEFL) http://www.ciefl.org/
Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE) http://www.icar.org.in/cife/index.htm
Central Institute of Indian Languages (CIIL) http://www.ciil.org/
Central Institute of Road Transport (CIRT), Pune http://www.cirtpune.com/
Central Library, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras http://www.cenlib.iitm.ac.in/
Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI) http://www.cmfri.com/
Centre for Cultural Resources and Training (CCRT) http://ccrtindia.org/
Centre for Entrepreneurship Development of Karnataka (CEDOK) http://nitpu2.kar.nic.in/cedok/
Chandigarh College Of Architecture http://cca.nic.in/
Christian Medical College Vellore http://www.cmch-vellore.edu/
Cochin University of Science And Technology (CUSAT) http://www.cusat.ac.in/
College of Engineering & Technology, Bhubaneswar http://www.cetindia.org/
Commisssion for Scientific and Technical Terminology (CSTT) http://cstt.nic.in/
Common Entrance Test (CET) Cell, Karnataka http://cet.kar.nic.in/
Delhi College of Engineering http://www.dceonline.net/
Department of Adult and Continuing Education, University of Madras http://www.universityofmadras.edu/
Department of Biotechnology, Sindhu Mahavidyalaya http://geocities.com/biotechsmv/
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, IITK http://www.cse.iitk.ac.in/
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Karnataka REC http://www.krec-ece.ac.in/
Department of Electronics, Cochin University of Science & Technology http://www.doe.cusat.edu/
Department of Geology, Mohan Lal Sukhadia University http://www.geolmlsu.org/
Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya http://www.davv.ac.in/
Directorate of Distance Education, Jai Prakash University http://www.ddejpu.org/
District Primary Education Programme (DPEP), Latur http://www.dpeplatur.com/
Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Open University (Dr. BRAOU) http://www.drbraou.com/
Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Regional Engineering College, Jalandhar http://recjal.nic.in/
Educational Media Research Center (EMRC ) http://www.emrchyd.org/
Environmental Training Institute, Karnataka State Pollution Control Board http://eti.kar.nic.in/
Facilitation Centre for Industrial Plasma Technologies (FCIPT) http://www.plasmaindia.com/
Faculty of Management Studies, University of Delhi http://www.fms.edu/
Fr.Muller's Institute of Medical education and Research Mangalore http://www.fathermuller.com/
Footwear Design and Development Institute (FDDI) http://www.fddiindia.com/
Gandhigram Rural Institute http://www.ruraluniv.org/
Government College of Engineering, Pune http://www.coep.org/
Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh http://gmch.nic.in/
Gujarat Agricultural University http://gau.guj.nic.in/
Gulbarga University http://www.gulbargauniversity.kar.nic.in/
Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University http://ggsipu.nic.in/
Guwahati Medical College and Hospital http://gmchassam.nic.in/
Harcourt Butler Technological Institute http://www.hbti.edu/
Harish Chandra Mathur Rajasthan State Institute of Public Administration (HCMRIPA) http://hcmripa.nic.in/
Haryana Institute of Public Administration (HIPA) http://hipa.nic.in/
Himachal Pradesh University http://hpuniv.nic.in/
Homi Bhabha Centre For Science Education (HBCSE) http://www.hbcse.tifr.res.in/
Indian School of Mines (ISM) http://www.ism-dhanbad.org/
Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) http://www.iaripusa.org/
Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute (IASRI) http://www.icar.org.in/iasri/default.html
Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS) http://www.iacs.res.in/
Indian Association of Social Science Institutions (IASSI) http://iassi.nic.in/
Indian Diamond Institute http://www.diamondinstitute.net/
Indian Institute of Advanced Study (IIAS) http://www.iias.org/
Indian Institute of Entrepreneurship http://iie.nic.in/
Indian Institute of Foreign Trade (IIFT) http://www.iift.edu/
Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM) http://www.iifm.org/
Indian Institute of Information Technology & Management (IIITM), Gwalior http://www.iiitm.ac.in/
Indian Institute of Information Technology ( IIIT), Kolkata http://www.iiit-c.org/
Indian Institute of Information Technology (IIIT), Bangalore http://www.iiitb.ac.in/
Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad (IIITA) http://www.iiita.ac.in/
Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad (IIMA) http://www.iimahd.ernet.in/
Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore (IIMB) http://www.iimb.ernet.in/
Indian Institute of Management, Indore http://www.iimidr.ac.in/
Indian Institute of Management, Kolkata (IIMC) http://www.iimcal.ac.in/
Indian Institute of Management, Kozhikode (IIMK) http://www.iimk.org/
Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow http://www.iiml.ac.in/
Indian Institute of Mass Communication (IIMC) http://www.iimc.ac.in/
Indian Institute of Packaging http://www.iip-in.com/
Indian Institute of Quality Management (IIQM) http://www.iiqm.org/
Indian Institute of Science (IISC), Bangalore http://www.iisc.ernet.in/
Indian Institute of Social Welfare and Business Management (IISWBM) http://www.iiswbm.edu/
Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi http://www.iitd.ernet.in/
Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kanpur http://www.iitk.ac.in/
Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur http://www.iitkgp.ernet.in/
Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Madras http://www.iitm.ac.in/
Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay (IITB) http://www.iitb.ernet.in/
Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati (IITG) http://www.iitg.ernet.in/
Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee (IITR) http://www.rurkiu.ernet.in/
Indian National Scientific Documentation Centre (INSDOC) http://www.insdoc.org/
Indian Railways Institute of Electrical Engineering (IRIEEN) http://www.irieen.com/
Indian School of Mines (ISM) http://www.ismdhanbad.ac.in/
Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore http://www.isibang.ac.in/
Indian Statistical Institute, Delhi http://www.isid.ac.in/
Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata http://www.isical.ac.in/
Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research ( http://www.ignou.org/
Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Uran Academy (IGRUA) http://civilaviation.nic.in/igrua/indira.htm
Information and Library Network Centre (INFLIBNET) http://www.inflibnet.ac.in/
Institute for Plasma Research (IPR) http://www.plasma.ernet.in/
Institute for Studies in Industrial Development (ISID) http://isidev.nic.in/
Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) http://www.icai.org/
Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children http://ich.tn.nic.in/
Institute of Company Secretaries of India (ICSI) http://icsiindia.org/index.asp
Institute of Cost And Works Accountants of India (ICWAI) http://www.icwai.org/
Institute of Economic Growth http://ieg.nic.in/
Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT) http://www.csir.res.in/ihbt
Institute of Hotel Management, Catering Technology and Applied Nutrition http://www.kar.nic.in/ihmbangalore
Institute of Judicial Training and Research (IJTR) http://ijtr.nic.in/
Institute of Mathematical Sciences http://www.imsc.ernet.in/
Institute of Physics (IOP) http://www.iopb.res.in/
Institute of Rural Management, Anand http://irma.irm.ernet.in/
Inter University Consortium for Department of Atomic Energy Facilities (IUC-DAEF), Calcutta http://www.iuc.res.in/
International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) http://www.iipsindia.org/
Jadavpur University http://www.jadavpur.edu/
Jamia Millia Islamia http://jmi.nic.in/
Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (JIPMER) http://www.jipmer.edu/
Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) http://www.jncasr.ac.in/
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University (JNTU) http://www.jntu.ac.in/
Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) http://www.jnu.ac.in/
Kalmathada Pujya Shri Virupaksha Sivacharya Ayurved Medical College, Raichur, http://www.ayurvediccollegemanvi.org/
Kendriya Hindi Sansthan http://hindi.nic.in/
Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan http://www.kvsangathan.org/
Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology (KMIO) http://www.kar.nic.in/kidwai
Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education (LNIPE) http://www.lnipe.edu/
Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration( LBSNAA) http://www.lbsnaa.ernet.in/
Madras Institute of Development Studies (MIDS) http://mids.tn.nic.in/
Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda (MSUB) http://www.msub.edu/
Mahatma Gandhi State Institute of Public Administration, Punjab (MGSIPAP) http://www.mgsipap.org/
Makhanlal Chaturvedi Rashtriya Patarkarita Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal http://www.makhanlaluniversity.org/
Manipal Academy of Higher Education http://manipal.edu/
Malaviya Regional Engineering College http://recjai.nic.in/
Mehta Research Institute of Physics & Mathematical Physics http://www.mri.ernet.in/
Mission Reach http://www.missionreach.org/
Medical College Trivandrum http://www.mctrivandrum.com/
MIT Accreditation of Computer Courses (DOEACC) http://www.doeacc.org.in/
Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Udaipur http://www.mlsu.org/
Motilal Nehru Regional Engineering College, Allahabad (MNREC) http://mnrec.nic.in/
National Academy of Customs, Excise and Narcotics (NACEN) http://personal.vsnl.com/nacen/home.html
National Board of Examinations http://www.natboard.org/
National Cadet Corps (NCC), Karnataka and Goa http://www.kar.nic.in/ncc
National Civil Defence College, Nagpur http://ncdcnagpur.nic.in/
National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) http://ncert.nic.in/
National Institute for Small Industries Extension Training (NISIET) http://www.nisiet.com/
National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration (NIEPA) http://www.niepaonline.org/
National Institute of Financial Management (NIFM) http://www.nifm.org/
National Institute of Hydrology, Belgaum http://www.angelfire.com/bc/nihhrrc
National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee http://www.nih.ernet.in/
National Institute of Industrial Engineering (NITIE) http://www.nitie.edu/
National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) http://www.niper.nic.in/
National Law School of India University http://www.nls.ac.in/
National Law University, Jodhpur http://nlujodhpur.nic.in/
National Research Centre for Mushroom (NRCM) http://www.nrcmushroom.com/
National Resource Centre for Value Education http://valueeducation.nic.in/
National Tuberculosis Institute (NTI), Bangalore http://ntiindia.kar.nic.in/
Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti http://navodaya.nic.in/
Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology http://www.nsit.ac.in/
Networking of Social Scientists http://agrieconet.nic.in/
Osmania University http://www.osmania.ac.in/
Pondicherry Engineering College http://www.pec.edu/
Pondicherry University http://www.pondiuni.org/
Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh http://pgimer.nic.in/
Punjabi University http://www.universitypunjabi.org/
RAI UNIVERSITY, RAIPUR http://www.raiuniversity.edu/
Raja Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya http://www.rgtu.org/
Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences http://kar.nic.in/rguhs
Regional Engineering College, Durgapur http://recdgp.nic.in/
Regional Engineering College, Hamirpur http://recham.ernet.in/
Regional Engineering College, Kurukshetra http://reck.nic.in/
Regional Engineering College, Tiruchirappalli (RECT) http://rangoli.rect.ernet.in/
Regional Engineering College, Warangal http://recw.nic.in/
Regional Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur http://ritj.nic.in/
Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics http://www.saha.ernet.in/
Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow http://www.sgpgi.ac.in/
Sardar Patel College Of Engineering (SPCE) http://www.spce.edu/
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy, Hyderabad http://www.svpnpa.gov.in/
Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC) http://serc-dst.org/
SGS Medical College & KEM Hospital, Mumbai http://www.kem.edu/
Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences http://www.skims.org/
State Institute of Education Technology, Hyderabad http://siethyd.nic.in/
State Institute of Education Technology, Kerala http://sietkerala.nic.in/
State Institute of Education Technology, Orissa http://sietorissa.nic.in/
State Institute of Education Technology, Patna http://sietpatna.nic.in/
State Institute of Education Technology, Pune http://sietpune.nic.in/
State Institute of Education Technology, Uttar Pradesh http://diksha.nic.in/
State Institute of Public Administration and Rural Development (SIPARD) http://sipard.nic.in/
Sukhdev College Of Business Studies, Delhi University http://www.cbsdu.org/
Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University http://www.tnmmu.ac.in/
Tamil Nadu Universities http://www.tnuniv.ac.in/
Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS) http://www.tanuvas.com/
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) http://www.tifr.res.in/
Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS) http://www.tiss.edu/
Tata Memorial Centre http://www.tatamemorialcentre.com/
Technical Education & Industrial Training, Punjab http://www.nic.in/dte_punjab
University of Kerala http://www.keralauniversity.edu/
University of Mumbai http://www.mu.ac.in/
University of Pune http://www.unipune.ernet.in/
University of Roorkee http://www.rurkiu.ernet.in/
University Department of Chemical Technology (UDCT), University of Mumbai http://www.udct.org/
University of Agricultural Sciences http://uasbng.kar.nic.in/
University of Delhi http://www.du.ac.in/
University of Hyderabad http://www.uohyd.ernet.in/
V.V.Giri National Labour Institute http://www.vvgnli.org/
Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute (VJTI) http://www.vjti.ac.in/
Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan http://www.vbharat.ernet.in/
By:
Krishnaa nair
http://www.amu.ac.in/
All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)
http://www.aiims.ac.in/
Allahabad University (AU) http://www.allduniv.edu/
Anna University, Chennai http://www.annauniv.edu/
Assam Administrative Staff College (AASC)
http://www.assamstaffcol.net/
Association of State Training Institutions in India (ASTI) http://asti.nic.in/
Banaras Hindu University (BHU) http://www.bhu.ac.in/
Banglore University http://www.bangaloreuniversity.net/
Bengal Engineering College (BEC) http://www.becs.ac.in/
Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany http://www.bsip-india.org/
Board of Intermediate Education, Andhra Pradesh http://interboardap.nic.in/
Bose Institute, Kolkata http://www.boseinst.ernet.in/
Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) http://www.cbseindia.org/
Central Hindi Directorate http://hindinideshalaya.nic.in/
Central Institute of Educational Technology (CIET) http://www.ciet.nic.in/
Central Institute of English and Foreign Languages (CIEFL) http://www.ciefl.org/
Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE) http://www.icar.org.in/cife/index.htm
Central Institute of Indian Languages (CIIL) http://www.ciil.org/
Central Institute of Road Transport (CIRT), Pune http://www.cirtpune.com/
Central Library, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras http://www.cenlib.iitm.ac.in/
Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI) http://www.cmfri.com/
Centre for Cultural Resources and Training (CCRT) http://ccrtindia.org/
Centre for Entrepreneurship Development of Karnataka (CEDOK) http://nitpu2.kar.nic.in/cedok/
Chandigarh College Of Architecture http://cca.nic.in/
Christian Medical College Vellore http://www.cmch-vellore.edu/
Cochin University of Science And Technology (CUSAT) http://www.cusat.ac.in/
College of Engineering & Technology, Bhubaneswar http://www.cetindia.org/
Commisssion for Scientific and Technical Terminology (CSTT) http://cstt.nic.in/
Common Entrance Test (CET) Cell, Karnataka http://cet.kar.nic.in/
Delhi College of Engineering http://www.dceonline.net/
Department of Adult and Continuing Education, University of Madras http://www.universityofmadras.edu/
Department of Biotechnology, Sindhu Mahavidyalaya http://geocities.com/biotechsmv/
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, IITK http://www.cse.iitk.ac.in/
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Karnataka REC http://www.krec-ece.ac.in/
Department of Electronics, Cochin University of Science & Technology http://www.doe.cusat.edu/
Department of Geology, Mohan Lal Sukhadia University http://www.geolmlsu.org/
Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya http://www.davv.ac.in/
Directorate of Distance Education, Jai Prakash University http://www.ddejpu.org/
District Primary Education Programme (DPEP), Latur http://www.dpeplatur.com/
Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Open University (Dr. BRAOU) http://www.drbraou.com/
Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Regional Engineering College, Jalandhar http://recjal.nic.in/
Educational Media Research Center (EMRC ) http://www.emrchyd.org/
Environmental Training Institute, Karnataka State Pollution Control Board http://eti.kar.nic.in/
Facilitation Centre for Industrial Plasma Technologies (FCIPT) http://www.plasmaindia.com/
Faculty of Management Studies, University of Delhi http://www.fms.edu/
Fr.Muller's Institute of Medical education and Research Mangalore http://www.fathermuller.com/
Footwear Design and Development Institute (FDDI) http://www.fddiindia.com/
Gandhigram Rural Institute http://www.ruraluniv.org/
Government College of Engineering, Pune http://www.coep.org/
Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh http://gmch.nic.in/
Gujarat Agricultural University http://gau.guj.nic.in/
Gulbarga University http://www.gulbargauniversity.kar.nic.in/
Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University http://ggsipu.nic.in/
Guwahati Medical College and Hospital http://gmchassam.nic.in/
Harcourt Butler Technological Institute http://www.hbti.edu/
Harish Chandra Mathur Rajasthan State Institute of Public Administration (HCMRIPA) http://hcmripa.nic.in/
Haryana Institute of Public Administration (HIPA) http://hipa.nic.in/
Himachal Pradesh University http://hpuniv.nic.in/
Homi Bhabha Centre For Science Education (HBCSE) http://www.hbcse.tifr.res.in/
Indian School of Mines (ISM) http://www.ism-dhanbad.org/
Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) http://www.iaripusa.org/
Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute (IASRI) http://www.icar.org.in/iasri/default.html
Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS) http://www.iacs.res.in/
Indian Association of Social Science Institutions (IASSI) http://iassi.nic.in/
Indian Diamond Institute http://www.diamondinstitute.net/
Indian Institute of Advanced Study (IIAS) http://www.iias.org/
Indian Institute of Entrepreneurship http://iie.nic.in/
Indian Institute of Foreign Trade (IIFT) http://www.iift.edu/
Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM) http://www.iifm.org/
Indian Institute of Information Technology & Management (IIITM), Gwalior http://www.iiitm.ac.in/
Indian Institute of Information Technology ( IIIT), Kolkata http://www.iiit-c.org/
Indian Institute of Information Technology (IIIT), Bangalore http://www.iiitb.ac.in/
Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad (IIITA) http://www.iiita.ac.in/
Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad (IIMA) http://www.iimahd.ernet.in/
Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore (IIMB) http://www.iimb.ernet.in/
Indian Institute of Management, Indore http://www.iimidr.ac.in/
Indian Institute of Management, Kolkata (IIMC) http://www.iimcal.ac.in/
Indian Institute of Management, Kozhikode (IIMK) http://www.iimk.org/
Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow http://www.iiml.ac.in/
Indian Institute of Mass Communication (IIMC) http://www.iimc.ac.in/
Indian Institute of Packaging http://www.iip-in.com/
Indian Institute of Quality Management (IIQM) http://www.iiqm.org/
Indian Institute of Science (IISC), Bangalore http://www.iisc.ernet.in/
Indian Institute of Social Welfare and Business Management (IISWBM) http://www.iiswbm.edu/
Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi http://www.iitd.ernet.in/
Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kanpur http://www.iitk.ac.in/
Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur http://www.iitkgp.ernet.in/
Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Madras http://www.iitm.ac.in/
Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay (IITB) http://www.iitb.ernet.in/
Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati (IITG) http://www.iitg.ernet.in/
Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee (IITR) http://www.rurkiu.ernet.in/
Indian National Scientific Documentation Centre (INSDOC) http://www.insdoc.org/
Indian Railways Institute of Electrical Engineering (IRIEEN) http://www.irieen.com/
Indian School of Mines (ISM) http://www.ismdhanbad.ac.in/
Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore http://www.isibang.ac.in/
Indian Statistical Institute, Delhi http://www.isid.ac.in/
Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata http://www.isical.ac.in/
Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research ( http://www.ignou.org/
Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Uran Academy (IGRUA) http://civilaviation.nic.in/igrua/indira.htm
Information and Library Network Centre (INFLIBNET) http://www.inflibnet.ac.in/
Institute for Plasma Research (IPR) http://www.plasma.ernet.in/
Institute for Studies in Industrial Development (ISID) http://isidev.nic.in/
Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) http://www.icai.org/
Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children http://ich.tn.nic.in/
Institute of Company Secretaries of India (ICSI) http://icsiindia.org/index.asp
Institute of Cost And Works Accountants of India (ICWAI) http://www.icwai.org/
Institute of Economic Growth http://ieg.nic.in/
Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT) http://www.csir.res.in/ihbt
Institute of Hotel Management, Catering Technology and Applied Nutrition http://www.kar.nic.in/ihmbangalore
Institute of Judicial Training and Research (IJTR) http://ijtr.nic.in/
Institute of Mathematical Sciences http://www.imsc.ernet.in/
Institute of Physics (IOP) http://www.iopb.res.in/
Institute of Rural Management, Anand http://irma.irm.ernet.in/
Inter University Consortium for Department of Atomic Energy Facilities (IUC-DAEF), Calcutta http://www.iuc.res.in/
International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) http://www.iipsindia.org/
Jadavpur University http://www.jadavpur.edu/
Jamia Millia Islamia http://jmi.nic.in/
Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (JIPMER) http://www.jipmer.edu/
Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) http://www.jncasr.ac.in/
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University (JNTU) http://www.jntu.ac.in/
Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) http://www.jnu.ac.in/
Kalmathada Pujya Shri Virupaksha Sivacharya Ayurved Medical College, Raichur, http://www.ayurvediccollegemanvi.org/
Kendriya Hindi Sansthan http://hindi.nic.in/
Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan http://www.kvsangathan.org/
Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology (KMIO) http://www.kar.nic.in/kidwai
Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education (LNIPE) http://www.lnipe.edu/
Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration( LBSNAA) http://www.lbsnaa.ernet.in/
Madras Institute of Development Studies (MIDS) http://mids.tn.nic.in/
Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda (MSUB) http://www.msub.edu/
Mahatma Gandhi State Institute of Public Administration, Punjab (MGSIPAP) http://www.mgsipap.org/
Makhanlal Chaturvedi Rashtriya Patarkarita Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal http://www.makhanlaluniversity.org/
Manipal Academy of Higher Education http://manipal.edu/
Malaviya Regional Engineering College http://recjai.nic.in/
Mehta Research Institute of Physics & Mathematical Physics http://www.mri.ernet.in/
Mission Reach http://www.missionreach.org/
Medical College Trivandrum http://www.mctrivandrum.com/
MIT Accreditation of Computer Courses (DOEACC) http://www.doeacc.org.in/
Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Udaipur http://www.mlsu.org/
Motilal Nehru Regional Engineering College, Allahabad (MNREC) http://mnrec.nic.in/
National Academy of Customs, Excise and Narcotics (NACEN) http://personal.vsnl.com/nacen/home.html
National Board of Examinations http://www.natboard.org/
National Cadet Corps (NCC), Karnataka and Goa http://www.kar.nic.in/ncc
National Civil Defence College, Nagpur http://ncdcnagpur.nic.in/
National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) http://ncert.nic.in/
National Institute for Small Industries Extension Training (NISIET) http://www.nisiet.com/
National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration (NIEPA) http://www.niepaonline.org/
National Institute of Financial Management (NIFM) http://www.nifm.org/
National Institute of Hydrology, Belgaum http://www.angelfire.com/bc/nihhrrc
National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee http://www.nih.ernet.in/
National Institute of Industrial Engineering (NITIE) http://www.nitie.edu/
National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) http://www.niper.nic.in/
National Law School of India University http://www.nls.ac.in/
National Law University, Jodhpur http://nlujodhpur.nic.in/
National Research Centre for Mushroom (NRCM) http://www.nrcmushroom.com/
National Resource Centre for Value Education http://valueeducation.nic.in/
National Tuberculosis Institute (NTI), Bangalore http://ntiindia.kar.nic.in/
Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti http://navodaya.nic.in/
Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology http://www.nsit.ac.in/
Networking of Social Scientists http://agrieconet.nic.in/
Osmania University http://www.osmania.ac.in/
Pondicherry Engineering College http://www.pec.edu/
Pondicherry University http://www.pondiuni.org/
Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh http://pgimer.nic.in/
Punjabi University http://www.universitypunjabi.org/
RAI UNIVERSITY, RAIPUR http://www.raiuniversity.edu/
Raja Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya http://www.rgtu.org/
Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences http://kar.nic.in/rguhs
Regional Engineering College, Durgapur http://recdgp.nic.in/
Regional Engineering College, Hamirpur http://recham.ernet.in/
Regional Engineering College, Kurukshetra http://reck.nic.in/
Regional Engineering College, Tiruchirappalli (RECT) http://rangoli.rect.ernet.in/
Regional Engineering College, Warangal http://recw.nic.in/
Regional Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur http://ritj.nic.in/
Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics http://www.saha.ernet.in/
Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow http://www.sgpgi.ac.in/
Sardar Patel College Of Engineering (SPCE) http://www.spce.edu/
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy, Hyderabad http://www.svpnpa.gov.in/
Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC) http://serc-dst.org/
SGS Medical College & KEM Hospital, Mumbai http://www.kem.edu/
Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences http://www.skims.org/
State Institute of Education Technology, Hyderabad http://siethyd.nic.in/
State Institute of Education Technology, Kerala http://sietkerala.nic.in/
State Institute of Education Technology, Orissa http://sietorissa.nic.in/
State Institute of Education Technology, Patna http://sietpatna.nic.in/
State Institute of Education Technology, Pune http://sietpune.nic.in/
State Institute of Education Technology, Uttar Pradesh http://diksha.nic.in/
State Institute of Public Administration and Rural Development (SIPARD) http://sipard.nic.in/
Sukhdev College Of Business Studies, Delhi University http://www.cbsdu.org/
Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University http://www.tnmmu.ac.in/
Tamil Nadu Universities http://www.tnuniv.ac.in/
Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS) http://www.tanuvas.com/
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) http://www.tifr.res.in/
Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS) http://www.tiss.edu/
Tata Memorial Centre http://www.tatamemorialcentre.com/
Technical Education & Industrial Training, Punjab http://www.nic.in/dte_punjab
University of Kerala http://www.keralauniversity.edu/
University of Mumbai http://www.mu.ac.in/
University of Pune http://www.unipune.ernet.in/
University of Roorkee http://www.rurkiu.ernet.in/
University Department of Chemical Technology (UDCT), University of Mumbai http://www.udct.org/
University of Agricultural Sciences http://uasbng.kar.nic.in/
University of Delhi http://www.du.ac.in/
University of Hyderabad http://www.uohyd.ernet.in/
V.V.Giri National Labour Institute http://www.vvgnli.org/
Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute (VJTI) http://www.vjti.ac.in/
Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan http://www.vbharat.ernet.in/
By:
Krishnaa nair
Sunday, November 12, 2006
Inception of the Patriots
The Patriots, social club for young Keralites was formed 20 years ago at the Cultural city of Kerala, Trichur - Pathiyarkulangara, Oorakam. Since its inception, it has conducted many social, sports, art and cultural events for the development of Heritage of Kerala. For the first time, Patriots is now on the Web community to spread the message of friendship and harmony. It is also an attempt to bring our home town to the limelight.
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